October 28: 1965: Gateway Arch completed
On this day in 1965, construction is completed on the Gateway Arch, a spectacular 630-foot-high parabola of stainless steel marking the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial on the waterfront of St. Louis, Missouri.
The Gateway Arch, designed by Finnish-born, American-educated architect Eero Saarinen, was erected to commemorate President Thomas Jefferson's Louisiana Purchase of 1803 and to celebrate St. Louis' central role in the rapid westward expansion that followed. As the market and supply point for fur traders and explorers-including the famous Meriwether Lewis and William Clark-the town of St. Louis grew exponentially after the War of 1812, when great numbers of people began to travel by wagon train to seek their fortunes west of the Mississippi River. In 1947-48, Saarinen won a nationwide competition to design a monument honoring the spirit of the western pioneers. In a sad twist of fate, the architect died of a brain tumor in 1961 and did not live to see the construction of his now-famous arch, which began in February 1963. Completed in October 1965, the Gateway Arch cost less than $15 million to build. With foundations sunk 60 feet into the ground, its frame of stressed stainless steel is built to withstand both earthquakes and high winds. An internal tram system takes visitors to the top, where on a clear day they can see up to 30 miles across the winding Mississippi and to the Great Plains to the west. In addition to the Gateway Arch, the Jefferson Expansion Memorial includes the Museum of Westward Expansion and the Old Courthouse of St. Louis, where two of the famous Dred Scott slavery cases were heard in the 1860s.
Today, some 4 million people visit the park each year to wander its nearly 100 acres, soak up some history and take in the breathtaking views from Saarinen's gleaming arch.
American Revolution
1775 : British proclamation forbids residents from leaving Boston
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/british-proclamation-forbids-residents-from-leaving-boston
Automotive
1992 : Leif Erickson Tunnel completes 1,593-mile I-35
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/leif-erickson-tunnel-completes-1593-mile-i-35
Civil War
1864 : The Second Battle of Fair Oaks concludes
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/second-battle-of-fair-oaks-concludes
Cold War
1962 : The Cuban Missile Crisis comes to an end
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-cuban-missile-crisis-comes-to-an-end
Crime
1961 : Chuck Berry goes on trial for the second time
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/chuck-berry-goes-on-trial-for-the-second-time
Disaster
1999 : Cyclone intensifies near India
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/cyclone-intensifies-near-india
General Interest
1886 : Statue of Liberty dedicated
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/statue-of-liberty-dedicated
1919 : Congress enforces prohibition
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/congress-enforces-prohibition
Hollywood
1967 : Julia Roberts born
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/julia-roberts-born
Literary
1905 : George Bernard Shaw's Mrs. Warren's Profession is performed in New York
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/george-bernard-shaws-mrs-warrens-profession-is-performed-in-new-york
Music
1998 : President Bill Clinton signs the Digital Millennium Copyright Act into law
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/president-bill-clinton-signs-the-digital-millennium-copyright-act-into-law
Old West
1965 : Workers complete the famous Gateway Arch in St. Louis, Missouri
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/workers-complete-the-famous-gateway-arch-in-st-louis-missouri
Presidential
1886 : Grover Cleveland dedicates Statue of Liberty
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/grover-cleveland-dedicates-statue-of-liberty
Sports
1922 : Princeton-Chicago football game is broadcast across the country
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/princeton-chicago-football-game-is-broadcast-across-the-country
Vietnam War
1962 : Khrushchev orders withdrawal of missiles from Cuba
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/khrushchev-orders-withdrawal-of-missiles-from-cuba
1964 : U.S. officials deny any involvement in bombing of North Vietnam.
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/us-officials-deny-any-involvement-in-bombing-of-north-vietnam
1965 : Viet Cong commandos raid U.S. airfields
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/viet-cong-commandos-raid-us-airfields
World War I
1918 : German sailors begin to mutiny
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/german-sailors-begin-to-mutiny
World War II
1940 : Italy invades Greece
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/italy-invades-greece
On this day in 1965, construction is completed on the Gateway Arch, a spectacular 630-foot-high parabola of stainless steel marking the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial on the waterfront of St. Louis, Missouri.
The Gateway Arch, designed by Finnish-born, American-educated architect Eero Saarinen, was erected to commemorate President Thomas Jefferson's Louisiana Purchase of 1803 and to celebrate St. Louis' central role in the rapid westward expansion that followed. As the market and supply point for fur traders and explorers-including the famous Meriwether Lewis and William Clark-the town of St. Louis grew exponentially after the War of 1812, when great numbers of people began to travel by wagon train to seek their fortunes west of the Mississippi River. In 1947-48, Saarinen won a nationwide competition to design a monument honoring the spirit of the western pioneers. In a sad twist of fate, the architect died of a brain tumor in 1961 and did not live to see the construction of his now-famous arch, which began in February 1963. Completed in October 1965, the Gateway Arch cost less than $15 million to build. With foundations sunk 60 feet into the ground, its frame of stressed stainless steel is built to withstand both earthquakes and high winds. An internal tram system takes visitors to the top, where on a clear day they can see up to 30 miles across the winding Mississippi and to the Great Plains to the west. In addition to the Gateway Arch, the Jefferson Expansion Memorial includes the Museum of Westward Expansion and the Old Courthouse of St. Louis, where two of the famous Dred Scott slavery cases were heard in the 1860s.
Today, some 4 million people visit the park each year to wander its nearly 100 acres, soak up some history and take in the breathtaking views from Saarinen's gleaming arch.
American Revolution
1775 : British proclamation forbids residents from leaving Boston
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/british-proclamation-forbids-residents-from-leaving-boston
Automotive
1992 : Leif Erickson Tunnel completes 1,593-mile I-35
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/leif-erickson-tunnel-completes-1593-mile-i-35
Civil War
1864 : The Second Battle of Fair Oaks concludes
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/second-battle-of-fair-oaks-concludes
Cold War
1962 : The Cuban Missile Crisis comes to an end
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-cuban-missile-crisis-comes-to-an-end
Crime
1961 : Chuck Berry goes on trial for the second time
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/chuck-berry-goes-on-trial-for-the-second-time
Disaster
1999 : Cyclone intensifies near India
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/cyclone-intensifies-near-india
General Interest
1886 : Statue of Liberty dedicated
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/statue-of-liberty-dedicated
1919 : Congress enforces prohibition
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/congress-enforces-prohibition
Hollywood
1967 : Julia Roberts born
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/julia-roberts-born
Literary
1905 : George Bernard Shaw's Mrs. Warren's Profession is performed in New York
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/george-bernard-shaws-mrs-warrens-profession-is-performed-in-new-york
Music
1998 : President Bill Clinton signs the Digital Millennium Copyright Act into law
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/president-bill-clinton-signs-the-digital-millennium-copyright-act-into-law
Old West
1965 : Workers complete the famous Gateway Arch in St. Louis, Missouri
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/workers-complete-the-famous-gateway-arch-in-st-louis-missouri
Presidential
1886 : Grover Cleveland dedicates Statue of Liberty
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/grover-cleveland-dedicates-statue-of-liberty
Sports
1922 : Princeton-Chicago football game is broadcast across the country
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/princeton-chicago-football-game-is-broadcast-across-the-country
Vietnam War
1962 : Khrushchev orders withdrawal of missiles from Cuba
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/khrushchev-orders-withdrawal-of-missiles-from-cuba
1964 : U.S. officials deny any involvement in bombing of North Vietnam.
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/us-officials-deny-any-involvement-in-bombing-of-north-vietnam
1965 : Viet Cong commandos raid U.S. airfields
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/viet-cong-commandos-raid-us-airfields
World War I
1918 : German sailors begin to mutiny
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/german-sailors-begin-to-mutiny
World War II
1940 : Italy invades Greece
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/italy-invades-greece
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